Florence Nightingale (1858) Diagram of the Causes of Mortality in the Army in the East

In 1858, nurse, statistician, and healthcare reformer Florence Nightingale published Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army. Founded Chiefly on the Experience of the Late War. Presented by Request to the Secretary of State for War. Among several data visualizations was this one, now known as the Nightingale Rose Diagram. It was used by Nightingale to demonstrate that epidemic disease, which was responsible for more British deaths in the course of the Crimean War than battlefield wounds, could be controlled by better sanitation, nutrition, ventilation, and shelter. An image of the original can be found at: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Nightingale-mortality.jpg