U.S. Census Office, Proportion of Aliens to Foreign Born Males (1898)

This map, which was included in the 1898 Statistical Atlas of the United States Based upon the Results of the Eleventh Census, shows the percentage of immigrant men aged 21 and over in each state who were not yet naturalized at the time of the 1890 Census. On the map, immigrants who were not yet naturalized or who had not started the naturalization process are referred to as "aliens." In states colored pink, less than 20% of the adult male immigrant population was unnaturalized, while in states colored orange, it was 20 to 30%. Green states had an adult male immigrant population with 30 to 40% unnaturalized, and gray had 40 to 50%. In the three states colored blue--Maine, New Hampshire, and Arizona--over 50% of immigrant men over 21 years old were unnaturalized. Questions on naturatlization status had been rejected for the 1880 Census, but were included on the 1890 Census. Such results provided evidence for immigration restriction advocates who argued that the United States had a growing problem with unrestricted immigration (Schor, 2017).