U.S. Census Bureau, Proportion of Foreign Born of Each Leading Nationality in Cities of 100,000 and Over: 1900 (1903)

This 100% stacked bar graph, included in the 1900 Statistical Atlas of the United States, uses data from the 1900 U.S. Census to depict the composition of immigrant populations in U.S. cities with populations exceeding 100,000. During this period, most immigrants came from European countries, with Germany, Ireland, and England contributing the largest numbers. In many cities, Germans constituted the largest proportion of the immigrant population, with six cities reporting German immigrants comprising 50 percent or more of their immigrant residents. Irish immigrants also formed the largest immigrant group in several cities, including Boston, New Haven, Providence, Philadelphia, Jersey City, Washington, and Worcester. Immigrants from England, Scotland, and Wales represented the largest immigrant populations in both Scranton and Paterson. Although Italians did not constitute the largest immigrant group in any city, New Orleans had a significant Italian population and also stood out for its comparatively large French immigrant population. Immigrants from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark were concentrated primarily in Minneapolis, with other notable populations in St. Paul and Omaha. Canadians represented the largest immigrant group in Fall River, and Detroit also had a substantial Canadian immigrant population. Overall, the graph highlights both the growing diversity of the United States at the turn of the twentieth century and the distinct settlement patterns of various immigrant groups.